Michael Vick Free Essays

Psychological references of a personality can be correlated to each individual that resides on this earth.   Although some can be compared to others in terms of habitual actions through classifications, each personality interpretation is unique.   Personality classifications can be deemed as a selective grouping of traits that each individual acquires as a result of personal experiences, environmental influences, and category habitual traits. We will write a custom essay sample on Michael Vick or any similar topic only for you Order Now    These groups or categories each align one’s characteristics, thus organizing each person into a class or rank based upon traits identified by each grouping or classification. Thus far, 6 theories have been formulated to specify each personality trait including, humanistic, behavioral and social learning, cognitive, humanistic, psychoanalytical, and biological.   Each of these theoretical sects preserves the understanding of an individual’s actions as well as the identification of behavioral factors and qualities.   Many everyday people have undergone such evaluations in order to indentify, sort, and interpret personal behavior, however such theories are being examined in the lives of many high profile celebrities. For example, the latest bouts of strange behavior of Brittney Spears have also undergone these theories during the present custody battle with her former husband, Kevin Fedderline. Shaving her head along with her peculiar performance at the MTV movie awards have additionally undergone scrutiny.   Although Britney’s behavior has been rumored the result of substance abuse instead of personality flaws, many physiological theories has thus been applied in an attempt to explain the reasoning behind her actions. Moreover, football star Michael Vick has undergone a serious career adjustment only months ago after he was convicted of dog fighting charges.   Psychological personality theories can also be applied in order to understand the logic behind his recent actions. Although his career seemingly ended earlier than expected, Michael Vick was not always in the bright spotlight that shined upon his career for so many years. Born in Newport News, Virginia, 1960, to then 16 year-old Brenda Vick and 17 year-old Michael Boddie, Michael Dwayne Vick was always responsible for his siblings while his father attempted to maintain a steady job.   Michael Boddie only served 2 years in the military before finally finding a steady job at the local ship yards as a painter. However, in Mr. Boddie’s spare time, he always reintegrated the discipline of football into his son, thus attaining Michael Vicks’ deep passion for the sport. After a rash of disciplinary issues as school, Michael â€Å"Ookie† Vick was forced to incorporate an extra-curricular activity into his schedule, thus he chose football. During his constructive varsity career at Warwick High School, Vick earned a scholarship to Virginia Tech.   Soon after a successful career at Virginia Tech, Vick was deemed one of the most sought after college quarterbacks in the entire United States, thus earning him a spot in the Atlanta Falcons lineup. During this time, The Atlanta Falcons had only advanced to the playoffs a total of 6 times; therefore they were attempting to acquire a team player whom could aid the team in accomplishing their feat in the Super Bowl.  Ã‚   Vick signed on for a six year contract totaling $62 million along with a $15 million sign on bonus.   Although then coach, Dan Reeves, only had intentions of orchestrating Vick from the sidelines of his rookie year, his impressive performance during training camp earned an early route to the field.   During his career since the start of 2001, Vick has proved to be an essential sect of the Falcons team (Black Book Partners, 2007). However, since his formal guilty plea in illegal dog fights, Vick has proved to be a tremendous loss to the Falcons dream team. â€Å"One of the most spectacular falls from grace in the history of American sport was sealed yesterday as star quarterback Michael Vick formally pleaded guilty to charges of conspiracy and involvement in dog-fighting, that could see him jailed for a year or more†¦ Vick had been one of the biggest stars of the National Football League, a quarterback of explosive speed and phenomenal throwing power. He was in the middle of a record-breaking $137m (68.5m), 10- year contract with the Falcons, not to mention a host of lucrative endorsement deals† (Cornwell,   August 2007).   Since his recent indefinite expulsion from the NFL in the later portion of 2007, the Atlanta Falcons have only attained 3 wins, and have consequentially ended their once always sold out games.   In early December, Vick was sentenced to 23 months in prison with a projected release date of summer 2009. Although there are 6 sects of trait theory, Vick’s actions can only be interpreted under the Social-Cognitive Theory.   Under this theory, internal and external factors influence an individual, not either or.   This theory is also called the reciprocal theory because each factor, internal and external, corresponds with each other, not separately.   All Psych noted that  in his classic experiment, Bandura (1965) looked at the behavior of children after watching a model on TV perform aggressive acts.   The children were divided into three groups; model rewarded, model punished, and no consequence, referring to the outcome of these aggressive acts. As he expected, all of the children were able to perform the aggressive acts even though they had never performed them or been rewarded for them in the past.   However, those who witnessed the aggressive model being punished exhibited less aggressive acts themselves in the play time that followed. (AllPsych, 2004). Bandura reintegrated the thought that people not only react to personal feelings or inhibitions, but that they also act upon outside influences.   These influences could range from television, friends, family or even things witnessed in the workplace. Realistically, in correlation to Michael Vick’s dog fighting offences, others were involved in the case, including friends and family.   Vick admitted to brutally killing at least 8 dogs either during or after the fights, however, others that were involved in the gambling and actual dog fights themselves did not take responsibility for their actions during the ordeal.   This leaves on to suspect if Vick himself was solely responsible for the fights or if others influenced him to do so because of his celebrity stature and ability to gain discretion for the events. During his childhood, any actions of violence or extreme cases of anger can not be pinpointed, therefore, psychologically, the visibility of these bouts of aggression that were taken out in the form of dog fighting is not rational.   In addition, Cornwell also suggests that â€Å"Like cock-fighting (which Louisiana, incidentally, became the last state to ban a few weeks ago), dog-fighting has been around here for generations, at least since the early 19th century and probably before that. Blame those early British colonists and the popularity of the pastime back home in the old country. For a long time, it was above all a rural pursuit, entrenched in the South and in the Mid-Atlantic States, where the Vick case occurred† (July 2007). This also correlates with the Social-Cognitive Theory hence its environmental influence on the act.   Although most individuals perceive the violence of the fights as cruel, this type of behavior is a cultural issue which customarily prevails in the south.   In American culture, dog fights just as cock fights have dated back to the early colonization of the United States, therefore preserving the earliest forms of sportsmanship.   Other issues lie behind the dog fighting that Vick pled guilty to such as the gambling ring, which suggests that Vick orchestrated the financial bets and racketeering that also prevailed; moreover, it appears that outside influences instead of sole internal desires influenced Vicks decisions. In conclusion, many high-profile celebrities have risen to the charts not because of their efforts towards charity, but for their outrageous behavior.   One of these authoritative figures is Michael Vick.   Although he was raised with small town values which ultimately earned him the spot as the most invasive quarterbacks of his time, he consequentially succumbed to internal and external pressures that have now landed him 23 months in prison.   The type of theory that can be applied to his behavior, Social-Cognitive, explains the nature behind his ludicrous conduct. Social-Cognitive behavior can be classified as the integration of both internal and external factors such as environment and self-indulgence that causes one to act in a certain manner.   Many studies have been conducted such as that of Bandura, which consequentially supports the theory.   The theory behind behaviors such as that depicted by Michael Vick should be further analyzed in order to broaden the spectrum of understanding.   Affirmative and destructive aspects of the Social-Cognitive theory apply. For instance, theoretically, the Social-Cognitive trait theory can supplement one’s actions for external factors.   This can be affirmative or negative in the sense that this allows an individual to focus on the outside influences instead of logical thinking and reason.   Additionally, this theory allows psychologist to properly analyze and represent individuals when facing legal actions against them.   In demonstrating the analytical properties of an individual’s mind set, fair sentencing can be given in correlation to psychological facets of the law and societal influence. WORKS CITED All Psych. (2004). Personality Synopsis Chapter 8: Learning Theory Section 5: Social Cognitive Theory.   Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http://allpsych.com/personalitysynopsis/social_cognitive.html Black Book Partners. (2007). Michael Vick. Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http://www.jockbio.com/Bios/Vick/Vick_bio.html Cornwell, R. (2007, July 22). The football superstar and the dog-fighting ring. The London Independent. Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4159/is_200705/ai_n19388909 Cornwell, R. (2007, August 28).   Vick faces jail after admitting dog fights.   The London Independent. Retrieved December 13, 2007, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20070828/ai_n20523470 How to cite Michael Vick, Essay examples

Ethics of Advertising to Children Essay Example For Students

Ethics of Advertising to Children Essay What is your first conscious memory? If you were born in previous generations, it is probably your parents, siblings, or maybe a favorite pet. However if you are part of Generation Y your first memory is more likely to be a heavily marketed toy from The Lion King or Little Mermaid, or perhaps your first pair of Nike shoes or designer jeans. Why? Children are a legitimate and powerful consumer group, particularly in the areas of toys, back-to-school products, candy and snacks, apparel, and to some degree, health and beauty care items. Young people these days are so wealthy that children 4 to 12 years old have a combined annual income of nearly $15 billion, $11 billion of which they spend. The remaining $4 billion they save. Furthermore, this same group directly influences more than $160 billion in family household purchases, said Dr. James McNeal, professor of marketing at Texas AM University, an expert on kids’ marketing. McNeal, who noted that his estimate which was just raised from $150 billion is ‘conservative,’ further estimated that children indirectly influence between $350 billion and $400 billion worth of purchases a year. ‘I don’t think there is enough respect for this consumer group, given that they have more market potential than any other,’ McNeal said. The wealth of these 34 million children, he noted, has been growing at the rate of 20% a year for the past five to seven years. Recognition of this wealthy consumer group has been slow in coming, but it is gaining attention. McNeal estimated that as much as 40% of retailers currently have some sort of in-store program aimed at children, and more suppliers than ever before are conducting research specifically geared to learning the buying behavior and product needs of this young consumer group. Current retailer programs include kids meals in the food/snack area of stores,credit cards (with parental consent), colorful and playful displays in apparel, and in-store merchandisers such as ‘try-me’ areas for electronic learning aids as well as video game kiosks. All of this is intended to attract this potent group of future adults, to entertain them and to create loyal shoppers. Kmart has gone one step further than most discounters with its Music Movies department. This colorful and visually exciting department features an interactive music kiosk in select discount stores and supercenters as a way to appeal to music lovers of all ages but particularly to teens. This department is strategically located in the front of the store to draw the teens through the front door and get them used to being in a Kmart. Executives hope that once the teens are comfortable with purchasing music and movies at Kmart, they will venture into the rest of the store. Kids said they learn about new products from friends, 84%; TV, 83%; on storeshelf and in catalog, 79% each; magazines, 68%; and from in-store displays 64%in an open area, 62% on endcap and 58% at checkout.Kids-directed TV spots appear more obvious in recent years, particularly in the areas of toys, kids’ pre-recorded videos and video games. Just like their adult-directed counterparts, these ad spots work to introduce and influence future buying decisions of young consumers. To properly tap the wealth of young shoppers, a number of manufacturers have commissioned market research of the kids’ market as a way to sharpen their focus and create age-specific product lines. Many are also sharing their findings with retailers in the hopes of improving in-store merchandising and signage programs. In the toy industry, in particular, try-me packages have ushered in a whole new phase of in-store merchandising opportunities to kids that appeals to their need to test new products. .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650 , .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650 .postImageUrl , .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650 , .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650:hover , .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650:visited , .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650:active { border:0!important; } .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650:active , .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650 .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua665627ab24d8af0163356cf84155650:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Additive Layer Manufacturing for Aerospace Parts EssayAt Stuart Hall, the entire 1994 back-to-school program was the result of kids -directed market research and product testing to ensure the designs as well as the specific products were ‘right.’ ‘It’s not what we like, it’s what the kids like,’ said Jim Schmidt, director of merchandising, Stuart Hall. BerZerk Candy Werks, a novelty candy manufacturing company, developed its marketing strategy on just that concept. ‘Kids look for products that are designed especially for them. They are not interested in miniature versions of adult products,’ the company said. The flip side to all this is the parents.While products and marketing programs are being created to more directly captivate children, parental efforts to thwart a growing materialism in their children also appears to be gaining momentum, providing retailers and manufacturers with a tightrope on which to navigate. As marketers develop more sophisticated ways of learning about and reaching young consumers, are they running the risk of alienating adults? The general public is skeptical about advertising aimed at kids. Eight in ten adults agree that business marketing and advertising exploit children by convincing them to buy things that are bad for them or that they do not t need, according to a 1994 survey by Roper Starch Worldwide Inc. of New York City. But adults do not necessarily object to the actual practice, as is indicated in a Roper study from the previous year. Eight in ten adults say it is â€Å"all right† to advertise products such as toys, cereal, and clothing on television during children’s programming. Americans do not overwhelmingly object to the way advertisers sell to kids, and an advertiser knows that a lifelong customer is priceless. Thus, it is well worth the effort to understand and anticipate the needs and res of even the smallest consumer. BibliographyEdmondson, B. (June 1994). What to Sell to Kids. American Demographics. Leonhardt, D. and Kerwin, K. (June 30, 1997). Hey Kid, Buy This. Business Week. McNeal, J. (1992). A hHandbook of Marketing to Children. New York: Lexington Books. McNeal, J. and Chyon-Hwn, Y. (June 1993). Born to Shop. American DemographicsStipp, H. (August 1993). New Ways to Reach Children. American Demographics

Rented World by The Menzingers free essay sample

From the first driving chords of â€Å"I Don’t Wanna Be an A**hole Anymore† until the last tear-jerking notes of â€Å"When You Died,† the Menzingers have created a phenomenally emotional and relatable album. â€Å"Rented World† is a release like no other. Among the flamboyant pop stars and the over-produced radio garbage, it’s not so easy to find genuine, emotion-provoking, goosebump-radiating music today. â€Å"Rented World† is as real as it gets. The Menzingers produce hard-hitting lyrics throughout, but the song â€Å"Rodent† stands out to me lyrically. Delivering lines like â€Å"I’ve tried running/I’ve tried hiding/I’ve tried everything but dying/damn the days we took for granted† with such emotion and feeling creates an inseparable connection between you and the music. The main connection I have with the album is that it encompasses problems we all face. Self-conflict is expressed in â€Å"I Don’t Wanna Be an A**hole Anymore,† â€Å"Rodent,† â€Å"Bad Things,† and â€Å"In Remission. We will write a custom essay sample on Rented World by The Menzingers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Loss is portrayed in â€Å"My Friend Kyle† and â€Å"When You Died.† And love is seen in â€Å"Transient Love,† â€Å"Nothing Feels Good Anymore,† and â€Å"Where Your Heartache Exists.† Although not everyone may feel every song the way Tom May and Greg Barnett do, we’ve all been through these types of situations, making the songs very relatable. Musically, this record showcases the passion and skill the Menzingers have to offer. May and Barnett’s guitars complement each other extraordinarily well on songs like â€Å"Transient Love† and â€Å"Hearts Unknown.† The Menzingers also stay consistent with their previous records’ upbeat punk style with â€Å"The Talk† and â€Å"Sentimental Physics.† The experimental ballad â€Å"When You Died† shows Bob Dylan’s influence and strays from the Menzingers’ roots, but the track adds to the depth of the record. â€Å"Rented World† delivers a variety of fast- and slow-paced, emotion-driven punk songs that’ll be sure to give you goosebumps and have you singing along the whole way.

A Hologram for the King by Dave Eggers essays

A Hologram for the King by Dave Eggers essays When I read A Hologram for the King, I noticed different aspects that I would like to develop. In my opinion, this book is about much more than just the decay of American business. Its about the life of a poor man who tries to deal with his difficult situation. So before beginning, lets have a short summary. Alan Clay, an ex-consultant and a victim of the Recession, is now a 54-years-old business man hired by Reliant in order to present a new technology, a holographic teleconference system, to the King Abdullah. By landing this contact, he would solve all his money problems as he is a debt?ridden man. Across the book and the wait for the king to come, Alan remembers his past and wonders about his purpose in the life. First of all, in my opinion, this story is about the nothingness both physical and psychological. On one hand, we can talk about a real physical desert because the whole story takes place in Saudi Arabia, which is not known for its luxury forests but for its small shrubs which dont need a lot of water. More particularly, the story takes place in King Abdullah Economic City which, according to the book, comprises only three buildings. For a city-to-be, its a kind of desert. The landscape was flat and blank. Anything built here, an unrelenting desert, was an act of sheer will imposed on territory unsuited for habitation. (A Hologram for the King, p34) They drove a mile before they arrived at a modest gate, a pair of stone arches over the road, a great dome atop it all. It was as if someone had built a road through unrepentant desert, and then erected a gate somewhere in the middle, to imply the end of one thing and the beginning of another. It was hopeful but unconvincing. (A Hologra m for the King, p40) On the other hand, when I talk about psychological nothingness, I allude to Alans life and relations. Hes divorced from his wife, Ruby,...

Medicare and Medical Nutrition Therapy Essay Example

Medicare and Medical Nutrition Therapy Essay Example Medicare and Medical Nutrition Therapy Paper Medicare and Medical Nutrition Therapy Paper p. 3, 10). A Brief Comparison of the Nutrition Care Process for Nutrition Education and Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) Nutrition Education may be defined as the strengthening of the fundamental or vital nutrition-related information while Medical nutrition therapy is a more detailed application of the whole nutrition care process in any medical setting which centers mainly on the examination and management of ailments. As compared to nutrition education, Medical nutrition therapy involves a deeper assessment of the nutrition level of a certain individual. In nutrition education, interested persons often take the initiative to go to healthy nutrition classes or to consult a physician while in Medical nutrition therapy, the primary care provider sends the dietetics professional or registered dietitians (DTR or RD) written referrals for examinations of kidney related diseases or diabetes. In nutrition education, the dietetics professionals inquire about the person’s concern and any nutritional questions and sometimes they often make the person answer a certain questionnaire prior to setting up an appointment. In MNT the Dietetics professional himself gauges the nutrition level using the MNT Evident-based guidelines and the best available client information such as the medical records and then makes his diagnosis after proper analysis. In nutrition education, dietetics professional gives the client information about nutrition and taking care of the heart and body and relays information as to what he needs to most but in MNT; the good thing is that the dietetics professional himself identifies the client’s needs and sets up goals to be achieved by the client. After setting up the goals and motivating the client, the registered dietitian arranges several visits in order to monitor and check if the client is indeed doing some adjustments in his lifestyle in order to solve his nutritional problems and medical condition (The American Dietetic Association, 2006). Training is essential for a registered dietitian in order to attain a cost-efficient medical nutrition therapy program. Registered dietitians are recommended to attend seminars and special classes in order to hone and enhance their skills. Medical nutrition therapy follows a certain guideline in order to guarantee that the patient is getting the best care and treatment possible. The main purpose of evaluation in medical nutrition therapy is to find out and measure the persons’ need for therapy and to set the boundaries and generate ideas as to how to develop an effective plan that should give the best results on the individual. The medical background and history of an individual is necessary in order to administer the proper care to the individual. Prior operations, medication and maintenance should be investigated because it may affect the outcome of the therapy. A prior history of paralysis for instance, may affect the person’s capacity to eat thereby restricting his mobility and increasing the risk of complications which calls for a good nutrition intake in order to be cured. Some medicinal components may react badly and impede with the absorption of nutrients. Several dietary supplements and vitamins may also cause nutritional imbalance (Nutrition and Well-Being A to Z, 2008). Physical assessment for medical nutritional therapy includes information about the individual like the sex, body mass index, weight and height. Physical feature is also necessary because some nutritional deficiencies manifest in appearances such as iron deficiencies which appears in the hair and nails. Weight history is also important because sudden increase or loss of weight indicates a nutritional dilemma (Nutrition and Well-Being A to Z, 2008). Psychosocial assessment pertains to the profile of the person’s financial status, cultural and ethnical background, educational attainment, career or occupation, mental health and access to proper food source in order to consistently achieve good health. These factors help determine a person’s ability to follow through on his therapies. If a person is living in a house plenty of occupants or has a small income, there is a tendency of limited food access. Some exceptional situations provide for a total change in living environment in order experience development in his nutritional health. For example, a person with amputated legs has been diagnosed with diabetes and is living alone may eat only once or twice a day. There is a big possibility that his access to food may be very limited due to the difficulty of his situation. It would be best if he transferred to another facility where he can ask for assistance anytime. Reviewing the dietary history is a necessary assessment. It can be evaluated through the use of a food questionnaire or a food diary. In determining the quantity of sodium and fat in the diet, examination of the food preparation methods is necessary (Nutrition and Well-Being A to Z, 2008). Studies show that there are several public related health benefits of medical nutrition therapy. The American Diabetes Association recommended a new guideline that prioritizes nutrition intervention as an essential part of a change in lifestyle which is extremely necessary in diabetes and cardiovascular disease prevention. It is also beneficial to put attention on the totality of the dietary pattern of a person as compared to individual nutrient approach. Studies also show that there is a twelve percent decrease in the risk of heart disease if the dietary regimen of a person focuses on increasing fruit and vegetable intake and avoid eating sodium rich products. A combination of diet therapy and food consumption of garlic, low cholesterol and low fat diets would greatly lower the risk for the development of a chronic heart disease. Research provides that counseling provided by registered dietitians produce more effective results in decreasing the cholesterol level as compared to the counseling done by physicians (Health Steps, Rx, n. d. ). Medical Nutrition Therapy plays a very significant part in improving the quality of care of persons who have various complications and diseases. Most of the time, people with chronic kidney diseases do not consult a dietitian is because of the deficiency of insurance treatment for medical nutrition therapy. Undergoing this therapy can help improve their health and lifestyle. As a matter of fact, it is encouraged that even people without sickness should have their nutritional assessment just to make sure that they are getting the right amount of nutrition the body needs. When it comes to a person’s health, it pays more to be careful. Most people go through life day by day without realizing that little by little their nutritional intake is going to a dangerous level that might cause or aggravate any present disease that they have. weber. edu/WSUImages/athletictraining/Medical%20Nutrition%20Therapy%20%5BCompatibility%20Mode%5D. pdf References American Dietetic Association. (2009). Medical Nutrition Therapy. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from eatright. org/cps/rde/xchg/ada/hs. xsl/advocacy_2162_ENU_HTML. htm Benedict, M. (2008). Medical Nutrition Therapy. Nutrition and Well-Being A to Z. Retrieved April 29, 2009, from faqs. org/nutrition/Kwa-Men/Medical-Nutrition-Therapy. html Berlin, R. (2009). What are Payroll Taxes?. Law. com. Retrieved April 28, 2009 from alllaw. com/articles/tax/article5. asp Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2007). Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2009, from cms. hhs. gov/apps/media/press/release. asp? counter=3200 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2005). Medical Nutrition Therapy Services. Retrieved April 29, 2009, from cms. hhs. gov/MedicalNutritionTherapy/03_BeneResources. asp Global Legal Information Network. (2008). Medicare Improvements for Patients and providers Act of 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2009, from glin. gov/view. action? glinID=63996 Health Steps Rx. ( N. d. ). Evidence Supports Medical Nutrition Therapy for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Retrieved April 29, 2009, from healthstepsrx. com/services/other/files/MNTevidence. pdf (2000). Medicare. The Gale Encyclopedia of Surgery. The Thompson Gale Group Inc. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from answers. com/topic/medicare Investment Dictionary. (N. d. ). Medicare. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from investopedia. com/terms/m/medicare. asp Investopedia Staff. (2009). What Does Medicare Cover?. Investopedia, A Forbes Digital Company. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from investopedia. com/articles/05/030405. asp? partner=answers Medicare Coverage of Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT). N. d. Retrieved April 29, 2009, from www. rd411. com/diabetes_center/article_download. php? ID=26pro Medicare. (2008). Medical Nutrition Therapy. Retrieved April 29, 2009, from medicare. gov/Health/nutritiontherapy. asp Medicare. com. (2008). Medical Nutrition Therapy. Retrieved April 29, 2009, from medicare. com/services-and-procedures/medical-nutrition-therapy. html Medicare premiums and coinsurance rates for 2009. (2008). Medicare. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from http://questions. medicare. gov/cgi-bin/medicare. cfg/php/enduser/std_adp. php? p_faqid=2100 Moon, M. (2002). Medicare. The Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health. New York; MacMillan. Snetselaar, L. (N. d. ) Nutrition Counseling Skills for Medical Nutrition Therapy. Retrieved April 28, 2009 from http://books. google. com. ph/books? id=kXaiWrLYLbACpg=PA3lpg=PA3dq=definition+of+medical+nutrition+therapysource=blots=LlPrjejFPbsig=A5nP8fm343viXPhmWvi402k5QNAhl=tlei=5oL2SZq_F4yIkAWRp6X3Cgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=4#PPR5,M1 The American Dietetic Association. (2006). Comparison of the American Dietetic Association (ADA) Nutrition Care Process for Nutrition Education Services and the ADA Nutrition Care Process for Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) Services. Retrieved April 29, 2009, from eatright. org/ada/files/chart_of_mnt_vs__nut_ed_revised_short_version_8_06. pdf

Syria MDG'S Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Syria MDG'S - Essay Example The year 1946 marks the time when this country gained independence and established itself as parliamentary republic. Since its independence the country has seen many skirmishes and wars. Many coups and attempts to take over the throne have shattered Syria’s infrastructure. The al-Assad family has been ruling the country since 1970. Hafiz al-Assad ruled the office from 1970-2000 only to be usurped by his son Bashar al-Assad. Today the country is part of United Nations. But due to conflict in the region its membership has been deferred from the Arab League as well as from Organization of Islamic Cooperation. March 2012 marks the formation of Syrian National Coalition, a group that stands in opposition to the government. The Arab League invited the representative of this group to take Syria’s seat. Currently Syria is governed by President Bashar al-Asad. It has been almost 3 years since conflict began. Humanitarian development achievements in the country have now been rolled back due to consistent fighting in the area. Flying bullets from everywhere make it difficult for humanitarian workers to continue their work. The conflict in Syria has already killed over 120,000 people and displaced 6.5 million (UNDP, n.d.). The crisis has stolen employment from the 50% population pushing Syrian citizens into poverty (UNDP, n.d.). Millions of Syrians are searching for refuge in neighboring areas and their host countries face a great challenge accommodating millions of them. Influx of new refugees is a serious setback for neighboring states. Basic needs like education, health, sanitation, infrastructure and non-existent economic opportunity has created cutthroat competition for jobs in Syria (UNDP, n.d.). People are practically living in ruins. Tensions are always on the rise threatening to rip apart the social cohesion. The UNDP workers were already deployed in Syria even before the crisis began. Their work was affected due

The role of marketing communication to increase brand loyalty; in Research Proposal

The role of marketing communication to increase brand loyalty; in context of Waitrose - Research Proposal Example Previously, there have been quite a large number of studies that has focused on topics related to this. This study will be particularly interesting as this is a case specific study on Waitrose, the food retail division of Britain’s largest employee-owned retailer, the John Lewis Partnership supermarkets. This research intends to find out the impact of marketing communication on the loyalty of existing customers of the organization. This study can help the organization to bring necessary changes in the marketing communication techniques that are currently used by it and help to improve its brand equity. Several studies have been conducted in the field of marketing communication to understand its impact on the brand equity and brand loyalty of customers. In the study conducted by Ramos and Franco (2005), they had studied the impact of marketing communication and price promotion on brand equity. The results from their study indicate a positive relationship between the marketing communication and brand equity and offer strong support for the measures of perceived quality and brand loyalty. In fact, it was observed that there are several precursors to brand equity, namely brand awareness, brand image and brand awareness (Ramos and Franco, 2005). Customer brand loyalty is a topic that has been widely researched by various scholars. The commonality of all these studies have indicated that all firms can improve their profit margins by creating a base of loyal customers, which also have the additional benefit of creating a word-of-mouth advertisement for firms, thereby indirectly improving the marketing communication. The proponents of this study includes scholars like, Liu(2007), Gustaffson, et al. (2005), Oliver (1999), Wood (2004), to name a few (Keller, 1993). The research conducted by MC Alexander, et al. (2002) had revealed that brand loyalty can be enhanced in relational marketing by brand